Final Immigration Policies

[Gregory Hewett]

Be sure to post your final immigration policies here prior to Wednesday's class. Furthermore, be sure to write at the top of your policy the names of all the authors, liberal or conservative and include all works cited.

I'm looking forward to the debate.

Mr. Hewett

[jozefien]

Conservative Immigration Policy for U.S
By Julie, Olivia, Jung Kju, Manu, and Jozefien

Illegal Immigrants

For a country to control illegal immigration, a country with conservative rights and beliefs, measures of intensity must be made to ensure a countries conservation. Many attempts to control these illegal immigrants have been pressured; they have failed and achieved results, but to totally stop illegal immigrants entering a country, unwanted by the government, harsh measures need to be developed.

Today, if an immigrant is caught trying to cross the US border, they are simply sent back home and given another chance to sneak across again. More conservative ways to stop them from coming (and from coming back) need to be achieved. These measures must include 24 hour full border control; if illegal immigrants are spotted they must be caught and detained in a detention facility. Another case, if immigrants are spotted crossing the border and they do not attempt to stop and surrender, they will be immediately shot.

To protect its borders, the US should continue the constructions of a fence on its borders. According to the Pew Hispanic Center, 57 percent of the illegal population in the U.S. comes from Mexico. This proves that there is need to construct a fence that divides the United States and Mexico. The Great Wall of China and the Israeli security fence, show that a simple wall can have a very valuable effect on preventing unwanted aliens from entering natural grounds. Building such a fence on the U.S.’ South border could significantly alter the amount of illegal immigrants that come in to the U.S every year.

If immigrants are released from a detention facility, they must owe the U.S government 80% of their one year’s wage. Family property and ownership will be taken from an illegal immigrant who does not pay their year’s wage.

Even though the U.S has patrolled many borders around the U.S, illegal aliens still attempt to get in to the United States. They have found dangerous routes, and many immigrants either die from starvation, or a simply too tired to move onto a better life. This isn’t what the U.S is aiming for, but if it stops illegal immigrants from entering their country, so be it.

If sending countries of illegal immigrants are concerned about the fates of their people, they should take responsibility and warn its citizens for the dangers of migrating illegally to the United States. These warnings could happen through various media such as newspapers, radio, television, and NGO’s to reach all social levels of the population. The purpose of the warnings is to discourage people to migrate illegally to the US by informing them about the dangers they might be subjected to.

The U.S. is aware of the fact that illegal immigrants are often exploited and abused because of their statues; however the state cannot implement any protective laws for them since they are outlaws. The way to prevent exploitation of illegal immigrants is tracing their employers and fining them. The current fines on employing illegal aliens is 250 dollars per persons, however the huge numbers of illegal workers that are still employed prove that this amount is insufficient. For that reason the amount should be increased to a minimum of 10 000 dollars per person, however depending on the offenses the fines may be more. In some cases the employers can even be taken to jail. These penalties will discourage people to employ undocumented workers, and create more vacancies for local workers. Not only the fines on hiring illegal workers must be increased, but also the regularly and accuracy of the controls on employers must be improved. In the past the controls on the employers were very rare, and not organized enough. Statistics from the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcements show that the annual number of employers punished has decreased in the last decade; in 1992 there were more than 1,500 employers of illegal workers fined, but in 2004 the number was less than 500. Considering that the number of illegal immigrants in the U.S. still rises, which is very unfortunate, the controls should happen much better, and all employers of illegal immigrants should be punished.

Because it is sometimes hard for employers to determine whether their workers are legal or illegal, each employer must check the statuses of his workers with E-verify.
E-verify is a free program provided by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in partnership with the Social Security Administration (SSA), that tells them the official status of the people that they are hiring. In this way no employer can be fined because he was not aware that his workers were not legal in the country.
These regulations and policies may seem harsh, but in order to conserve the natural and economic growth of the country, they are the best and only thing to do.

Legal Immigrants

Legal immigrants, in contrast to illegal immigrants, can come into the country without any risk of being shot. However, every category of immigrant and every visa have its own rights and opportunities.

Family

During immigration, the wife and children of a migrant are not allowed to work or neither becomes a citizen in their host country. These reasons are valid, because they are stealing and robbing jobs from their local community, making it harder for native citizens to find jobs. A prove of this is, a study from 2002 made by the Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid, which showed that, for example, 27 percent of the poor immigrants in U.S were employed while only 16 percent of the poor citizen were, also 37 percent of the small business immigrants workers were employed while only 28 percent of the small business citizen had the chance to be employed, and finally, 49 percent of the immigrants laborers were employed while only 28 percent of the natives laborers had the chance to be employed. If the children of migrant parents want to get married to a native citizen, they cannot gain citizenship before 10 years of marriage. There is a limit for the amount of family member s that can accompany leading legal migrant worker. For students, they are not allowed to bring any family members with them into the hosting country. For skilled workers, they are allowed to bring 3 persons per worker. For an unskilled worker, they are only allowed to bring in one person per family. However, the amount of family members to accompany an investor, there is a limit of 4 persons per family. Also for unskilled worker, the member of the families cannot benefit from free education and heath cares, in their hosting country, only the worker himself is allowed to. However, the members of the family for skilled workers and investors are allowed to get free health care and education in the hosting country.

The official and only language spoken in all schools must be English, the official language of the US, this means that schools cannot longer be bilingual.
Bilingual schools have totally no advantages, though some may argue that they are beneficial to the immigrants’ integration. Education in two languages (mostly English and Spanish) impedes the learning processes of the native children. Immigrants should be thankful that they may live in a country as the United States, and need therefore to learn the official language; English. Studies in Texas have also proved that bilingual schools cost the state a lot of money. The annual amount of money spend on bilingual education in Texas is approximately 1 million dollar. This is too much since the money creates more problems than it actually solves.
If an immigrant wants to marry an American citizen, he or she must stay at least 10 years in the US to gain the American citizenship, so from then on use the benefits of social and welfare systems offered to American citizens; this rule will decrease the number of immigrants entering the US through a fake marriage. To get granted for resident ship the couple must go through an interview and must be in the possession of documents and pictures to prove their relationship.
In the case the couple gets children, those can become citizens only if the native parent approves it. The children can then benefit from free health care and education.

Students
Students can never gain citizenship even after studying for many years into the host country. There must be a limit for the amount of students coming to study into the hosting country each year. This limit must not exceed 8, 000 students entering the hosting country each year. The students may have free health care.
Unskilled Workers

Unskilled workers can only get short time visas. After one year of work for an unskilled worker, the employer will be able to fire him at any moment without complaint from the authorities. The reason for this is because when the economy rises, employers seek for more workers however when the economy decreases the employer finds himself over loaded with unskilled workers and needs to get rid of them. There must be a limit for the amount of unskilled workers. This limit must not exceed over 5,000 unskilled workers each year. Unskilled workers can never gain citizenship in their host country.

Skilled Workers

For skilled workers to arrive into a country there will be some disadvantages but not as many as unskilled workers. There must be a limit for a year’s supply of skilled workers. 20,000 skilled workers are only allowed to enter the U.S border each year. They must work over 10 years and invest at least 50, 000 dollars in the host country to gain full citizenship.
Each person that wants to get a labor visa to the US has to be in the possession of an acceptance form of the company in which they are going to work. Each company can employ a maximum of 5 percent of skilled workers. If a company wants to employ skilled immigrants, it has to show evidence to the government that the immigrant worker is necessary and that the work cannot be done by a native worker. When the company is not able to do it, it will not get the permission to employ the skilled worker.
In the case a skilled immigrant is fired, he or she cannot stay longer in the United States than his or her working permit allows. The visa cannot be extended once the immigrant has lost his job. The employer may replace the immigrant with another immigrant with the same skills without showing evidence to the government.

Investors

Investors need to invest more than 150,000 dollars in their first year in their hosting country to be able to gain full citizenship. Investors have the most advantages out of all immigrants. There a limit of 100,000 investors to enter the U.S border every year.

Realistic in appraisal of future needs for workers

Although it is necessary to set up strict limits for immigrants, the United States must consider their benefits when it comes to the aging of the American population. Studies have showed that in a fairly short period of time the number of people above 60 will increase a lot. This means that our country will also need a growing working population to support the elderly people. However, as the fertility rates are dropping this is not likely to happen. For example, by 2030 the population of people older than 65 in Washington, will double its size, while the working population stays stable. To solve this issue the government needs to take several actions and bringing specific and fixed numbers of immigrants into the country is one of them.
The government is aware that immigrants are useful to keep the balance between working and retired people since the population is aging rapidly, however it going to try to keep the number of immigrants as low as possible to be sure to not cut any opportunities to natives.
Native workers should worker longer (the retirement age will be increased to 68) to make sure that the least number of immigrants as possible is needed. Immigrants will get lower salaries than natives, and they will pay a tax of 25% of their incomes. This tax will serve to further support the retired generation.
Nannies and domestic workers should get special advantages when they go through the process of getting a work permit since they take care of the children and elderly, which gives native women the opportunity to go to work and boost the economy .However, only nannies with at least three year experience in their home country can make use of these benefits. This will protect our country against random aliens coming in, pretending to be nannies just to obtain these special benefits.



APA

Illegal immigrants
Passel, Jeffery Passel (2005, June 14). Unauthorized migrants: numbers and characteristics. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from Pew Hispanic Center Web site: pewhispanic.org/files/reports/46.pdf
E-verify. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from U.S, citizenship and immigration services Web site: www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=4ee4be0cbcf90110VgnVCM1000000ecd190aRCRD&vgnextchannel=2411c9ee2f82b010VgnVCM10000045f3d6a1RCRD
(2007). Dishonest ACLU: Illegal Immigration. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from Conservative culture Web site: conservativeculture.com/2006/11/dishonest-aclu-illegal-immigration
Help us get the world out. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from Say No to Illegals Web site: saynotoillegals.org/
Paget-Clarke., N. (1997, september, 14). Immigration and human rights on the U.S. / Mexico border. Retrieved February 20, 2008, from www.inmotionmagazine.com/border.html#anchor137779


Legal immigrants
(2007, August). Medicaid and the uninsured. Retrieved February 20, 2008, from Kaiser Commission on Key Facts Web site: www.kff.org/uninsured/upload/Immigrants-Health-Care-Coverage-and-Access-fact-sheet.pdf
DeLoma'et al.'Lutz, C'et al.' W (2006,October 27). Immigration reforms: conservative proposals. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from Education equity, politics,and policy in Texas Web site: texasedequity.blogspot.com/2006/10/immigration-reforms-conservative.html
General categories of immigrants. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from U.S. embassy Vienna Austria Web site: vienna.usembassy.gov/en/embassy/cons/iv_cat.htm

Realistic in appraisal of future needs for workers
Lee, Marlene A. (2007, September 27). Effects of migrationon the elderly population of Columbia. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from Population Reference Bureau Web site: www.prb.org/pdf07/elderlymigration.pdf
Walker and Ungo Nannies. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from Immigration law firm Web site: www.immigrationpage.com/Nannies.html

[keisuke]

Liberal
by
Nitika
Keisuke
Sparsh
Hisu
Asif
Looking Into the Future
As the U.S is a country that gains, and prospers from its immigrants, it must have a policy that gives immigrants opportunities. This is good for the U.S, as businesses routinely hire immigrants, and for people in poor countries who can have a better life now. For example, Mexico has a 53% poverty rate, but that will slowly decline if immigrants go make a better life for themselves in the future. Policies for the future must have good future results. There is no advantage taking drastic measures in the future to combat illegal immigrants, as one in every twenty workers is an illegal immigrant, who is useful to the country.

• Caught illegal immigrants will have chances to apply for visa into the United States. No undocumented worker will be deported until their visa is denied. If they do become documented, they will have to pay income tax. 38% of illegal. Immigrants do not pay income tax as of now.
• As a vast amount of immigrants are great assets to the United States, all immigrants will have a chance to apply for ‘green card’ status after providing proof of work, and proof of staying in the U.S. As of now, 33% of illegal immigrants have been in the U.S for more than 10 years still.
• An additional three year waiting period is necessary for immigrants to apply to become a naturalized citizenship in the U.S.
• For applying for a green card or citizenship, no immigrant may leave the country for more than three months in a year.


Regulation
Clause 1
A. Illegal Immigrants
Sub Clauses
1. If an illegal immigrant enters The United States of America they have to go through the following process:-
• They will have to apply for a citizenship in America, and if they can earn more than $9,000 per month (4 person family), $5,000 per month (2 person family), $ 2,500 per month (1 person), and if they do not have a criminal record then they may be granted a citizenship for 5 years.
2. While entering the country illegally, if the immigrant is caught then they will be sent back home, and will never be able to enter the United States ever again.
3. If the illegal immigrants enter America illegally again, and if they are caught more than once then :-
• 2nd time- they will be put in jail for six months.
• 3rd time- They will be put in jail for 1 year and will be doing community service in the jail.
4. If the illegal immigrants apply for citizenship again even after being caught once and being deported back home, they will be sent to jail for six months.
• If they get caught in any way; travel out of the country legally or illegally (and get caught), travel to another state, get a bank account, purchase shares in any company, try to get a visa, pay for items with a credit card.
Facts
1.The Border Patrol’s strategy consists of five main objectives:
• Establish substantial probability of apprehending terrorists and their weapons as they
attempt to enter illegally between the ports of entry;
• Deter illegal entries through improved enforcement;
• Detect, apprehend, and deter smugglers of humans, drugs, and other contraband;
• Leverage “Smart Border” technology to multiply the effect of enforcement personnel; and
• Reduce crime in border communities and consequently improve quality of life and economic
vitality of targeted areas.
To carry out these objectives, the Border Patrol will employ a highly centralized and strengthenedorganizational model with a direct chain of command from the Commissioner of CBP to the Chief of
the Border Patrol to field locations. National guidance for planning and implementation will ensure
that resources are focused in the highest risk areas and that the foundation for operational control
over our Nation’s border is established and maintained. Operational control is defined as the ability
to detect, respond, and interdict border penetrations in areas deemed as high priority for threat
potential or other national security objectives. Operational control may be limited to specific smuggling
corridors or other geographically defined locations. This centralized structure will ensure
accountability for the implementation and success of this Strategy
2. Currently, the U.S. Border Patrol employs over 11,000 agents, and is responsible for patrolling 19,000 miles of land and sea borders.[citation needed] Border Patrol personnel are deployed primarily at the U.S.-Mexico border, where they are assigned to control drug trafficking and illegal immigration. Patrols on horseback have made a comeback since smugglers have been pushed into the more remote mountainous regions, which are hard to cover with modern tracking strategies.[1]

Liberal
Human Rights

1. Most immigrants are not getting paid as much as they work for, nor as much as a native of that country.
In our country, we will pay the immigrants as much as they need, to sustain themselves, financially, in a modest way. The natives of America won’t get an advantage, and will be treated the same as everybody else.
2. Most immigrants do not have their basic human rights respected.
In our country, immigrants will get their basic human rights respected, such as,
• The right to life and liberty
• Freedom of expression
• Equality before the law;
a. Social, cultural and economic rights
b. The right to work
c. The right to education.

• Most immigrants face discrimination:
In our country, immigrants would not face discrimination in front of the law neither in society. They will be given the same amount of rights as citizens of America no matter what race, caste, religion, age, color, gender they are. In our country, all religions will be respected equally and will be treated the same in front of the law and in society. If an immigrant is taken into in to court, they will be given the same judicial rights as citizens.
3. While crossing the border, many illegal immigrants die of dehydration. We don’t consider death a form of punishment since it is too harsh and inhuman.
For the illegal immigrants who try to cross the border of United States, we will build a water tank to supply these immigrants with water, so that they will not die because of dehydration.
4. Any individual caught indulging in racist behavior will be penalized by law.
5. We are in the process of signing a convention with the United Nations, The protection of the rights of all migrant workers and the members of their families.

- Education:
An immigrant (child or adult) that has already applied for an American citizenship, after gaining it, will be able to get a free (or very cheap), satisfactory education up till high school.

- HealthCare and Medications:
In our country legal immigrants will be provided very cheap health care and medications. Legal immigrants will be provided with a health card for proof to show half of the amount of money to be charged for their health care facilities is being paid by the government. (Only valid in government hospitals.)
“The sector's growth will be driven by the country's growing middle class, which can afford quality healthcare. Over 150 million Indians have annual incomes of more than US$ 1,000, and many who work in the business services sector earn as much as US$ 20,000 a year. Today at least 50 million Indians can afford to buy Western medicines-a market only 20 per cent smaller than that of the UK”
- Housing:
In our country, immigrants can easily get financial help from the government banks, to buy a modest house. (They need proof of ID)
Bibliography:
www.wikipedia.org
www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/border_patrol_ohs/national_bp_strategy.ctt/national_bp_strategy.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol
www.heritage.org/Research/Immigration/wm1490.cfm
usliberals.about.com/od/immigration/a/IllegalImmi.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States

www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A55202-2005Mar21.html

[xxlyra]

The greatest policy ever for the United States of America

Zach, Lyra, Sanjay, Kwang Sam, and Elizabeth
Liberal

Human Rights

People who are living in US without a citizenship will be given
the same amount of rights as given to citizens. No matter what race,
creed, sexual orientation, or religion, anybody inside the United
States of America holding a visa or new citizenship will be given the
exact same rights and benefits as all others.

A new body should be created, which will take the complaints and
suggestions of the immigrants. This new body will be separate from the
government and the high ranking officers will be changed every year in
order to prevent even the slightest chance of corruption of any kind.

If an immigrant is taken into the court of law, that individual
will be given the same judicial rights as all other people in the
country.

All immigrants, whether holders of citizenship or not, will be
given equal benefits, protection, taxation and penalties as all the
other citizens with absolutely no discrimination.

Any lawyer found guilty of corruption and/or discriminating
against an immigrant will be immediately dishonorably suspended and
banned from getting a job in the same field again.

Any individual indulging in racist behavior will be penalized by law.


Integration
Integration of a migrant into society is also very important as to keep them from feeling out of place. Since migrants are very important to the US economy, the US government must keep enticing them to come to the US by making sure they feel at home and have no hostility from the people around them.
The children of immigrants will be integrated into public school, free of cost, and will be placed into ESL classes until they are fluent in the native language. Then, they will join the mainstream classes together with the native speakers;
If immigrants should find themselves handicapped or unemployed, they will be eligible to receive equal benefits (in form of pay checks, etc.) as citizens.
Offices will be set up to help unemployed immigrants find jobs, as to faster streamline them into the economic market.
The former education of immigrants will be recognised, as not to reduce former doctors to taxi drivers, for example.
Native citizens will be encouraged into moving into ghettos, as to avoid having any immigrant concentration in an area.
The Government will provide support towards the immigrant integration committee in the form of funding and manpower (manpower will naturally include immigrants).
There will be free language training for all immigrants who deem it necessary. There will be 4 completely free courses, 1,2,3,4, one being the beginner, with little or no English abilities through four with an understanding but lacking higher level fluency. The courses will be part time, only 3 hrs either morning or afternoon as not to coincide with jobs or lifestyle. With two courses a day the immigrant will be able to consider and choose the best to fit them. At the time of application, the immigrant will go through an evaluation to decide their comprehension of English and determine their course level. The evaluation will be a simple interview in English. The difficulty with understanding will be the determining factor.
Language alone is a massive barrier against immigrants. It limits their job possibilities and even more their personal life, making simple tasks like grocery shopping difficult. In Canada, a study found that 7 – 24 months after immigrants arrived in the country 62% looked for jobs. Of that percentage, only 53% succeeded in finding work. Many factors played a part in the lack of jobs obtained by the immigrants; but the major one was language, seeing as 32% of all problems were rooted in language barriers. This is the reason why we will provide free language training to all legal immigrants.
For immigrants over eighteen, those with a wish for further education will be provided with free public education. These courses will be based in the early evening so the training will not clash with the jobs the immigrants hold to support themselves. The government is confident that the majority of, for example, immigrant women will not be content remaining at their possibly uneducated level, and will seize this opportunity to be able to further support themselves, and their country.

Visa
Visa are what is needed to enter the country without the intent of staying permanently.
We have five main categories: student visa, unskilled worker visa, skilled/professional worker visa, tourist visa, and transit visa.
Visa are all issued from the embassies and consulates all over the world, except for tourist and transit visa, which can be obtained at airports as well. All the visa categories can be renewed in the country, but when they have expired, the holders are expected to be out of the country. If not, they are fined, but not necessarily thrown out; depending on how long their overstay has been, and if they fulfill the requirements for a re-issuance of visa, the over stayer is allowed to remain in the country.
The matter of how many visa will be issued per year will be decided in the last month of every alternate year, assessed on the background of need, want, capacity, and the country's ability of sustaining these lives. If a situation calls for special attention in the area of how many immigrants the country assesses it needs, this number can/will be altered to fit the current need. There is no set ratio between the visa categories; whatever category is valued highest at the situation of assessment will be given the highest number of visa allowed to be issued. Embassies and consulates will receive an individual number of visa they are allowed to issue, as to make sure the distribution of opportunity is more equal. One can image, for example, that embassies in Germany are allowed to issue less visa than those in India.
The process is as follows: individual forms and papers can be obtained over the internet or at embassies/consulates – special ones other than general legal papers are specified under each category description – and will be turned in at these together with a service fee. After the papers have been found genuine, the visa-applicant will be contacted and given a date for an interview. After the interview has been conducted the applicant may be found suitable for entry. The conditions they have to fulfill depend on their category. Then, their application is placed in a drawing for their category, and every two months, the specified and allowed number of visa are drawn out to ensure equal chance. The applicants will be contacted, and can then obtain their visa. After immigrants have entered the country, they will be checked on to see if they are still doing their thing.
The more lengthy and expensive process in getting a visa has led to declines in visas issued to tourists and businesspeople. According to dallasfed.com, "there has been a 37.4 percent drop in these visas—from 3.5 million visas in 2001 to 2.2 million in 2003. Temporary visitor admissions dropped 17.3 percent between 2001 and 2002. The weak global economy has likely contributed to the drop, as did the war in Iraq, but the main underlying factor is the stepped-up screening of applicants required by the new laws." It is, in short, too long and complicated. And if these are just the numbers for business people, then one can only imagine them for the temporary workers. When visas grow harder to acquire, either people will stay away – bad for the country’s economy – or enter illegally – even worse for the country’s economy. That is why we believe in a simpler, faster, and more effective visa process: as to provide the best environment available for growth for the U.S. economic market and for the immigrants who contribute to this.


Student visa
Special ocuments needed for application: proof that they have been admitted to an educational institution and proof that they are able to sustain themselves financially while studying.
Interview judged by: tolerance towards the new culture, endurance shown and dedication towards studies, academic level demonstrated, and general openness.
Maximum time allowed in the country: three years.
Other special notices: students accepted into branches of study seen as especially needed will be more likely to obtain visa. If a student is expelled or drops out, they must contact their visa office, and prove that they can either take on another study within two months, and that they can support themselves waiting for this, or that they can find a job; then, their visa will be re-worked to fit their new status.
On the issue of work permits: students may apply for work permits, but the jobs they undertake must be no longer than twenty hours a week.

Unskilled worker visa
Here, there are two categories: seasonal and long-term workers. They are viewed as subcategories, but largely, they are treated equally.
Special documents needed for application: both categories require the same papers; proof that they have been accepted to work under contract.
Interview judged by: tolerance towards the new culture and dedication towards working.
Maximum time allowed in the country: for seasonal workers, six months; for long-term unskilled workers, one year.
Other special notices: workers are preferred if their field is seen as lacking workers. If fired, they must inform the visa office, find work again within one months, and prove they can sustain themselves financially while searching for job. This job must be in the same general field and in accordance to the same standard as their work permits and previously issued visa offers.
On the issue of work permits: included with the visa, valid as long as the visa.

Skilled/ professional worker visa
Special documents needed for application: proof that they have been accepted to work under contract.
Interview judged by: professional ability demonstrated, and general tolerance of new culture.
Maximum time allowed in the country: three years.
Other special notices: if fired, visa holders must inform the visa office, find work again within two months, and prove they can sustain themselves financially while searching for job. This job must be in accordance to the same standard as their work permits and previously issued visa offers.
On the issue of work permits: included with the visa, valid equally long.

Tourist visa
Special documents needed for application: none.
Interview judged by: an interview is not conducted. The visa can be obtained either at an embassy/consulate or at an airport.
Maximum time allowed in the country: six weeks.
Other special notices: if member of a visa-free zone, visa is not needed.
On the issue of work permits: can be obtained, but is not included in the visa.

Transit visa
Special documents needed for application: none.
Interview judged by: an interview is not conducted. The visa can be obtained either at an embassy/consulate or at an airport.
Maximum time allowed in the country: three days.
Other special notices: if member of a visa-free zone, visa is not needed.
On the issue of work permits: can not be obtained.

Applying for Citizenship to the US
An immigrant may apply for citizenship if they are contributing to the US economy. If they have a work permit that is included in their visa then they are eligible to apply 2 years from the date of issue of a valid visa that includes a work permit indicating stable employment. These visas include the unskilled labors or the skilled/ professionals visa.
It is also possible to apply for citizenship through marriage. The applicant may be in the US with any other visa but must have a legal documented marriage over 2 years long. The 2 years is established for the false marriages or marriage scams. This amount of time will cut down on the false marriages due to the intense commitment involved to attempt to delude the US government.
A third possibility for becoming a legal resident of the United States is through the diversity lottery. The lottery is open to any valid overseas applicants. There will be 75,000 applications drawn annually to be given residency. The current lottery selects only 55,000 applications according to the US Department of State. By increasing the number of applications yearly, it creates a greater sense of cultural unification, a great reason to give citizenship.

Illegal Immigrants to the US
This new immigration policy will have alterations to the current illegal immigration policy, though the definition of an illegal immigrant will undoubtedly stay the same. According to dictionary.com, "an illegal immigrant will be a foreigner who enters the U.S. without an entry or immigrant visa, especially a person who crosses the border by avoiding inspection or who overstays the period of time allowed by their given visa."
The beginning of those alterations will be the fact that illegal immigrants already residing in the US and contributing to the overall economy and welfare of the United States may be allowed to stay. If chosen to stay the illegal immigrant must apply for citizenship and will not be penalized whatsoever. They must, however, provide proof of contribution to economy whether it is employment, investment, etc. Only illegal immigrants that are residing in and contributing to the country as of April 19, 2008 will be allowed to stay. One method for employment by illegal immigrants today, is to hold fake SS IDs (Social Security Identification). The SS administration can practically pin-point the location of many of these illegal immigrants with the wave of a finger. The revenue from these employed holders of fake SS IDs is about $7 billion annually. This money is going straight to the pocket of the US and to the benefits of the citizens. If every illegal immigrant passing with a fake SS ID was deported, think of all the money lost each year. This is all from illegal immigrants currently residing in the US.
This policy only applies to the illegal immigrants already in the US, not anyone who is yet to make it in the US illegally. Anyone caught entering the border illegally will be deported immediately with a maximum detainment of 48 hours. Any violence other than self-defense will not be tolerated. The cost of incarcerated illegal immigrants since 2001 is $1,386,439,376 and rising. By quickly deporting we can cut costs of detainment.

Prevention of illegal immigration
We believe the keywords here should be communication and cooperation. It is well enough to send illegal immigrants back caught sneaking over the border back, but if there is nothing that hinders them from trying again the next day, what good is this? That is why prevention is the greatest form of defense against this problem.
Ministers of external affairs and the people acting under them will establish contact to the corresponding persons of countries which act as the main source of illegal immigration, and try to develop some cooperation plans to prevent the continuation of this undocumented action. That way, mutual understanding of the severity of the problem will be reached, and twice as big a problem area will be covered. Under President Bush' reign, the relationship between Mexico and the United States of America has been damaged since Mexican soldiers and the Mexican government did not comply with Mr. Bush' wish of rushing to war. We will aim to repair this damage, and to improve this relationship as to similarly improve our prevention of illegal immigration.
Intergovernmental cooperation will be required if we are to succeed in preventing illegal immigration. Often, cases get lost in between ministries, so clear communication and organisation is key. The departments for border control, for tracking down overstayers, and so on, will all update each other regularly on cases, should any be needed to be transferred to another department, for example. The medical department will report any illegal alien they treat, and will hand on the case to the appropriate ministries. By working together within the government we can utilise every power and brain to their fullest, and reach better organisation.
Rather than physical barriers we will strive to strictly enforce our laws. It is not realistic to think that a mere fence around a single border will prevent or stop illegal immigration – only understanding of the problem and international cooperation can.


Bibliography

Lyra’s mother

DV Program. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from US Department of State Web site: travel.state.gov/visa/immigrants/types/types_1322.html

White, D About.com: US Liberal Politics. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from About.com Web site: usliberals.about.com/od/immigration/a/IllegalImmi_4.htm
www.diversis.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&lang=en

for statistics on language barriers
Retrieved February 19, 08, from www.immigrationcounters.com/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_reduction for background information on what the U.S. is currently undertaking.

www.dallasfed.org/research/swe/2003/swe0306a.html for information on drop rates in visas issued.


illegal alien. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved February 28, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: dictionary.reference.com/browse/illegal alien

[maimoona]

CONSERVATIVE IMMIGRATION POLOCIES
DEBATE TOPIC
DEVELOPING NATIONS

Immigration is a big part of the United States today. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused conflict due to the immigrants race, ethnicity, religion, economic benefits, job growth, settlement patterns, impact on upward social mobility, levels of criminal acts, nationalities, political loyalties, moral values, and work habits. We believe that the more conservative view on immigration will benefit our country, its people, and people around the world.
Illegal immigration:
With a population of 301,139, 974 and rising, the government of the United States has not found a more suitable way of governing than the conservative type. Twelve million illegal immigrants are a part of the United States today, and eight million of them are Mexican. 700,000-850,000 illegal immigrants make it into the United States each year. Illegal immigration must be prevented and cut down by catching illegal aliens before they reach the borders. If caught, illegal immigrants will be returned to their own country, and furthermore, will not gain future access into the country. If illegal immigrants do enter the country, the police force will not stop until the illegal immigrants are found and taken back to their own country. If undocumented workers DO make their way into the country, and are caught, they will be forced to immediately leave the country, and will not be able to enter into the United States under any circumstances.

Illegal immigration can cause a huge problem, and it is causing a problem today. Thousands of illegal immigrants reach California’s borders annually, mostly Mexicans. The Californian water supply is reducing due to the amount of people it has to provide for each year. Water deficiency is becoming much more regular, and drought has been predicted to cover many parts of California in the coming years. If illegal immigrants did not cross into California, we would not have this problem today. In addition, it is not just to have many illegal immigrants crossing unhindered into our country when immigrants trying desperately to cross legally cannot enter into the United States without waiting several years.

America is not open, accommodating, or accessible to those that disregard our laws, regulations and citizenship by entering as illegal aliens. We are tightening up security around the border between Canada and the United States and between Mexico and the United States. We will build a strong wall, 15 feet high and 3 feet thick, between Mexico and the United States, with outposts every mile. Soldiers will guard the entry way, and there will be a crossing point for legal immigrants every 20 miles. Between Canada and Mexico, where fewer immigrants cross, we will have an electric fence, which will stun a person if they come across, without any physical harm to the person in question. Every 20 miles there will be crossing points with soldiers who will enforce the law and help immigrants to cross into our country, however, only if they have legal documents. Soldiers will patrol both borders. We will partner with Canada and Mexico to find the people who employ and intentionally hire illegal manual workers, and we will put them in jail. We must be able to eliminate all benefits, such as licenses, in-state tuition, and welfare for illegal aliens. We will of course authorize local police to enforce immigration law.


Human Rights:
The United States is partnering with Mexico and Canada to stop the snakeheads and other workers who get paid by immigrants to help them get into the country illegally. However, many of these immigrants never get to the country even illegally, but end up being raped, persecuted, beaten, or cheated. Because of this, we [the United States] are tightening up our borders. As a result of this new policy, illegal immigrants will be discouraged to even consider crossing into the United States. These immigrants will not seek out workers they could pay to cross into the United States, and nothing negative will happen to them. Because of the United States tightening up its borders, not only do the people desperately trying to get in legally get in more quickly, but also those who may have been hurt or killed trying to get in illegally will not even try to put themselves in that situation.
United States Visa Policies:
Students: Students traveling to the United States for colleges or universities may stay in the USA as long as it takes to finish school plus an additional two years, in which they may apply for citizenship, provided they get a job in a sector where American industry needs additional qualified workers.
Tourists: Tourists may get a Tourist visa which will expire after three months, however this is a temporary visa and people with a Tourist visa may not apply for citizenship.
Workers: Workers working for a business, school, company, etc. may come into the USA with a Workers Visa and permit, and may stay for the required work period and an additional two years. Workers can get a work permit that allows them to work in the United States for an infinite amount of years, as long as they continue to work and benefit to the economy of the United States, and provided that they get a job in a sector where workers are needed.
Family Members: All immediate family members (i.e. spouse or child) of a citizen are granted admission into the United States of America provided such citizens can demonstrate the ability to financially provide for such spouses and child without relying on government benefits of any kind whatsoever and provided such spouse is not resident of any country known to harbor terrorists.
Refugees: All creditable refugees facing severe persecution or life threatening circumstances may be granted temporary access into the country. If they are destitute of money, they will receive welfare payment, for up to a year. After the year is over, and if the refugee/s is/are able to work (in other words they are not handicapped) they cannot receive any more welfare payment. If they are handicapped, then they will receive welfare money for as long as they are in the United States. Refugees may apply for naturalization: citizenship into the United States. However, only 100,000 refugees are allowed into the country each year.

Immigrants once they make it into the United States:
Immigrants in the United States who have health problems, for example AIDS, tuberculosis, cancer, etc. will be able to get medication for their first year in the USA. However, following that year, they must, unless they are unable to work, be able to support themselves. Immigrants who do not know the English language must learn it as quickly as possible using the many available programs in the United States or by learning from a teacher. Many people in the United States believe that immigrants take American jobs from the citizens. Therefore, immigrants must be able to work and provide for themselves; however they must work where qualified laborers and workers are needed.

Back-up information for the aging population-
As all those born during the baby boomer period grow older, America faces 19% of its population aging rapidly. Previously the administration should have realized that a sudden population growth will only result in all of them growing old at the same time, leading to 36.6 million people above the age of 60 (US census bureau, 2000). As 31 million of these people decide to retire because of their old age, the nation faces a period where it has to support many through an economy that they aren’t contributing to. The government completely believes in the potential of the people to support them, therefore it will try to use its very own resources to the furthest extent. To balance the number of people who can work and the others who need to be supported by those who can work, the government has decided to turn to immigrants. (Central intelligence agency, 2007)
Considering that immigrants are only second options to this matter, the government is going to push its people to work longer years. The first priority of every skilled job is to natives above the age of 60. Although their productivity may not be as much, the experience of this individual will always have something to offer. Immigrants will only be given second priority, where they only get a lower salary.
It is always tempting for the employer to employ an immigrant who is younger and ten times more productive, but this will lead us back to square one. To put an end to this, all immigrants will be forced to pay a levy equal to ¼ his income. This levy will go directly to the pension of an elderly individual, every year.
The retirement age will be increased to 68, after which people will have the right to earn a pension. This will indirectly force a couple of years more from every individual because they need a source of income.
The number of hours utilized a week should be increased, especially in areas where immigrants are used abundantly.
While applying for a visa, officers will only permit those who have already attained a job in the receiving country. This way the host nation will only have as many immigrants as it needs to fill jobs unwanted by natives. These immigrants that are accepted by a company will come from a Christian background.
Nannies and helpers coming to work at old age homes and to take care of the children of working parents will also be given importance as they will help us achieve our goal- more workers.
Only a limited number of immigrants will be granted to work and reside in the United States. The issue of visas is a task that is under the total control of the department of migration. Foreign people, who want to apply for a green card in the United States, should be in the possession of an acceptance form from the company that is going to employ them in the future.
The maximum percentage of immigrants that are allowed in each company is ten percent at one time; this will make sure that immigrants are not an overwhelming issue to the government but an economic and social equalizer. If an immigrant is fired, he or she may be replaced by another immigrant with the same skills, but the fired immigrants cannot stay in the country any longer than their permit for the previous job allows them to.
Every company that wants to employ immigrants must send a letter to the American ministry of immigration. This letter should be clear and must include the reasons why the immigrants are needed and why their jobs cannot be practiced by local people.
We can’t live with them; and we can’t live without them. A nation could never completely keep these hard workers out considering the benefits they have to bring, but at the same time we also have to think about our own people. Immigrants are a help to the nation but at the same time a burden and a hindrance when trying to care for the people. With these conservative policies we are trying to have a balance between the natives and the benefits that will be stolen through immigrants. To keep a steady balance, the only thing that can be done is to care for the people who matter to us the most.

Sources:
www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7051/02-28-Immigration.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States#Legal_issues
Tami’s parents….
And Sarah’s parents

Central intelligence agency (2007). CIA- the world fact book- United States. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from central intelligence agency Web site: www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/us.html
US census bureau (2000). Age data. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from US census bureau Web site: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/age.html - 19k
(2008). Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from PRB Web site: www.prb.org/